News on 4 - 10 December 2015
Hurricanes
Hurricanes are powerful storms that grow in size over tropical seas. Sometimes these storms lose their power before they reach land, but when they do not they can kill large numbers of people and cause widespread property damage.Hurricane, typhoon and cyclone are regional names for the same type of storm. Weather experts call them tropical cyclones.The most deadly tropical cyclone in recorded history is thought to have been the Bangladesh cyclone of 1970, according to the United States Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. At least 300,000 people are thought to have perished.
How to prepare
1. Secure loose outdoor items and cover windows
2. Have a fresh supply of batteries
3. Store valuables and important documents in waterproof container
How to prepare 1. Secure loose outdoor items and cover windows
2. Have a fresh supply of batteries
3. Store valuables and important documents in waterproof container
Source : http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/earth/natural_disasters/hurricane
What did you get from this news?
I saw that hurricane happened in USA and the people died at least 300,000 because of it. It can kill large numbers of people and properties.
Gadget May Help Sleepers Choose
Dreams
TOKYO (AP) — Ever wished you could decide what to dream at night? A Japanese toymaker says it has a new gadget that can help you do just that.
Tokyo-based Takara says its Dream Workshop stand — shaped like an oversized cellular phone dock and about 14 inches tall — can be programmed to help sleepers choose what to dream.
While preparing for bed, the user mounts a photograph on the device of who should appear in the dream, selects music appropriate to the mood — fantasy, comedy, romantic story, nostalgia — and records key word prompts, such as the name of a romantic crush.
Placed near the bedside, the dream-maker emits a special white light, relaxing music and a fragrance to help the person nod off.
Several hours later, it plays back the recorded word prompts, timed to coincide with the part of the sleep cycle when dreams most often occur. It then helps coax the sleeper gently out of sleep with more light and music so that the dreams are not forgotten.
The device, which will sell for $136 in Japan starting late August, targets sleep-deprived businessmen, a company official said.
"There are many businessmen today who they say don't sleep because they are too busy. This gadget can be used to help them dream a good dream," said Takara spokeswoman Mayuko Hasumi.
In a study conducted on a group of men and women between the ages of 20-40, the device had a success rate of 22% in inducing dreams in which one of the prompt words appeared, said the Yomiuri Shimbun, a major daily.
The author's main purpose in the passage is to show how a new gadget helps us select our dreams
Source : http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/news/techinnovations/2004-06-29-sweet-dreams_x.htm 
What did you get from this news? I knew that if a person who can't sleep well, he or she can use this gadget in order to dream what he or she wants.
Language Acquisition in Children
Having no language, infants cannot be told what they need to learn. Yet by the age of three they will have mastered the basic structure of their native language and will be well on their way to communicative competence.Acquiring their language is a most impressive intellectual feat. Studies of how children learn language generally agree that the most remarkable aspect of this feat is the rapid acquisition of grammar. Nevertheless, the ability of children to conform to grammatical rules is only slightly more wonderful than their ability to learn words. It has been estimated that the average high school graduate in the United States has a reading vocabulary of 80,000 words, which includes idiomatic expressions and proper names of people and places. This vocabulary must have been learned over a period of 16 years.From the figures, it can be calculated that the average child learns at a rate of about 13 new words per day. Clearly a learning process of great complexity goes on at a rapid rate in children.
According to the passage, the children learn words very quickly.
Source : http://jxcg.gdut.edu.cn/cxr/kkjl/Book3/Unit335.htm
What did you get from this news?
I saw that children can learn words very quickly. From this news, children can learn about 13 new words per day. Hence, Learning in childhood is very important that their parents should recognize about it.
How to Classify the Stages of Human Memory
The three phases of the human memory are the sensory memory, the short-term memory and the long-term memory. This division of the memory into phases is based on the length of time of the memory.
Sensory memory is instantaneous memory. It is an image of memory that enters your mind only for a short period of time; it comes and goes in under a second. The memory will not last longer than that unless the information enters the short-term memory.
Information can be held in the short-term memory for about twenty seconds or as long as you are actively using it. If you repeat a fact to yourself, that fact will stay in your short-term memory as long as you keep repeating it. Once you stop repeating it, either it is forgotten or it moves into long-term memory.
Long-term memory is the huge memory tank that can hold ideas and images for years and years. Information can be added to your long-term memory when you actively try to put it there through memorization or when an idea or image enters your mind on its own.
Sensory memory is instantaneous memory. It is an image of memory that enters your mind only for a short period of time; it comes and goes in under a second. The memory will not last longer than that unless the information enters the short-term memory.
Information can be held in the short-term memory for about twenty seconds or as long as you are actively using it. If you repeat a fact to yourself, that fact will stay in your short-term memory as long as you keep repeating it. Once you stop repeating it, either it is forgotten or it moves into long-term memory.
Long-term memory is the huge memory tank that can hold ideas and images for years and years. Information can be added to your long-term memory when you actively try to put it there through memorization or when an idea or image enters your mind on its own.
Source : ตะลุยโจทย์ READING 500 ข้อ, page 59 What did you get from this news?
I also know that the human's memory consists of three phases. One is sensory memory can be sudden memory, second one is short-term memory can store the information in a short period, the last one is long-term memory can store the ideas and images for a years and years.
The Truth about Depression
Depressing isn’t just feeling down It’s a real illness with real causes Depression can be triggered by stressful life events like divorce or a death in the family or it can appear suddenly for no apparent reason.
Some people think you can just will yourself out of a depression that’s not true many doctors believe that one thing that may cause depression is an imbalance of serotonin a chemical in your body if this happens you may have trouble sleeping feel unusually sad or irritable find it hard to concentrate lose your appetite lack energy or have trouble feeling pleasure these are some of the symptoms that can point to depression-especially if they last for more than a couple of weeks and if normal everyday life Feels like too much to handle.
To help fight depression doctor now prescribe anti-depressant drugs they are not ‘happy pills’ they won’t turn you into a different person some people do experience mild side effects like upset stomach headaches difficulty sleeping drowsiness anxiety and nervousness these tend to go away within a few weeks of starting treatment and usually aren’t serious enough to make most people stop taking them.
Source : https://books.google.co.th/books?id=F2xKSaWXOTwC What did you get from this news? I knew that many people misunderstand about depression. It causes from stressful events such as divorce, losing properties etc. There are new drugs can help the people who have depression but there are drawbacks from these pills such as drowsiness, anxiety etc However, These symptoms tend to go away within a few weeks of starting treatment.
Communication
There are many ways of communicating without using speech. Signals, signs, symbols, and gestures may be found in every known culture. The basic function of a signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and dashes of a telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication is very great. While less adaptable to the codification of words, signs contain greater meaning in and of themselves. A stop sign or a barber pole conveys meaning quickly and conveniently. Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver's cultural perceptions. In some culture, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. Gestures such as waving and handshaking also communicate certain cultural messages.
Source : https://englishforit.wordpress.com/tag/communication/ What did you get from this news? I knew that there are many ways of communicating without using speech such as signs, signals, symbols and gestures However, Each of countries has different culture in communicating. Some are communicating by shaking hand, some are communicating by kissing, some are communicating by waving. Thereby, if we go other countries, we should know about these communicating in order to use in communicating. In short, when in Rome, do as the Rome do.
Edible Vaccines
Getting a vaccination could soon be as simple as eating a potato. Researchers at the University of Maryland, led by Dr. Carol Tacket, and developing edible vaccines that could grant immunity against some diseases.
To be inoculated against a virus, bacterium, or toxin, the antibodies of our immune systems must be exposed to the illness-bearing agent, or pathogen.Vaccines word by exposing the body to pathogens that have been killed or disarmed. Once sensitized, antibodies can mobilize rapidly against familiar enemies by binding to them and preventing their growth and activity.
Most vaccines are delivered in shots or pills but the new one will be incorporated in raw potatoes. The potatoes have been genetically engineered to produce the key piece of an E. coli toxin that causes acute diarrhea. As the spuds move through the intestinal system and are digested, the toxin fragment is released and exposed to the immune system, which then generates antibodies against the toxin.
Dr. Tacket’s group is waiting for approval from the FDA to test the potato vaccine on humans ; it has already been tested successfully in mice, The next step would be to genetically modify bananas to carry vaccines, because raw bananas taste better than raw potatoes.
The potential for edible vaccines is tremendous. Especially in developing countries. Whereas current vaccines are expensive to produce, store, transport, and administer, and edible vaccine could be grown where it needed in the quantity desired, and requires considerable less medical expertise to use.
Source : https://books.google.co.th/books?id=3aUMamjxVpMC 
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